Common Logical Fallacies
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# Common Logical Fallacies ## Formal Fallacies Fallacy Pattern Why Wrong Affirming the consequent $P \to Q$ , $Q$ $\therefore$ $P$ $Q$ could be true for other reasons Denying the antecedent $P \to Q$ , $\neg P$ $\therefore$ $\neg Q$ $Q$ could be true without $P$ Equivocation Same term used with different meanings Am...
Common Logical Fallacies
Formal Fallacies
| Fallacy | Pattern | Why Wrong |
|---|---|---|
| Affirming the consequent | , | could be true for other reasons |
| Denying the antecedent | , | could be true without |
| Equivocation | Same term used with different meanings | Ambiguity |
Informal Fallacies
| Fallacy | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Circular reasoning | Assuming what you're trying to prove | "It's true because it's true." |
| False dilemma | Presenting only two options when more exist | "Either you're with us or against us." |
| Straw man | Misrepresenting an argument to attack it | "You want to lower taxes? So you want children to starve?" |
| Appeal to authority | Using authority outside their domain | "A celebrity says this economic policy works." |